Gemstone almanac

Birthstones
by month

Compare the primary monthly stone with alternatives recognized in the Gemological Institute of America’s current guides.

Crystal tradition note: Spiritual meanings describe cultural or crystal beliefs. They are not medical effects, diagnoses, or treatment guidance.

01 JanuaryGarnet6.5-7.5 on Mohs scalePrimary GIA listing 02 FebruaryAmethyst7 on Mohs scalePrimary GIA listing 03 MarchAquamarine7.5-8 on Mohs scaleAlso: Bloodstone 04 AprilDiamond10 on Mohs scale (hardest)Primary GIA listing 05 MayEmerald7.5-8 on Mohs scalePrimary GIA listing 06 JunePearl2.5-4.5 on Mohs scale (soft)Also: Alexandrite, Moonstone 07 JulyRuby9 on Mohs scale (second hardest)Primary GIA listing 08 AugustPeridot6.5-7 on Mohs scaleAlso: Spinel, Sardonyx 09 SeptemberSapphire9 on Mohs scale (second hardest)Primary GIA listing 10 OctoberOpal5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale (fragile)Also: Tourmaline 11 NovemberTopaz8 on Mohs scaleAlso: Citrine 12 DecemberTanzanite6-7 on Mohs scaleAlso: Turquoise, Zircon

Reference before interpretation

Stone identity and care stay factual

Each guide separates mineral or gem facts and practical care from historical lore and modern crystal traditions.

Recognized alternatives and care references link to monthly GIA material. Lists can still differ by country, era, or jewelry organization.

Compare all months in the printable chart or find the stones for a birthday.